Wi-Fi
Mobile
connectivity for computers is a rapidly growing requirement
and WiFi has become the de-facto IEEE 802.11 standard
with peak operating speeds of around 54 Mbps.
As a result of the flexibility and performance of the
system, many Wi-Fi "hotpots" have been set
up and more are following. These enable people to use
their laptop computers as they wait in hotels, airport
lounges, cafes, and many other places using a wireless
link rather than needing to use a cable.
WiMax
The IEEE 802.16 Working Group has developed point-to-multipoint
broadband wireless access standard for systems in the
frequency ranges 10-66 GHz and sub 11 GHz. The standard
covers both the Media Access Control (MAC) and the physical
(PHY) layers. and is designed to accommodate either
Time Division Duplexing (TDD) or Frequency Division
Duplexing (FDD) deployments, allowing for both full
and half-duplex terminals in the FDD case.
WiMax is an IEEE 802.16 compliant technology for fix
broadband wireless access system employing a point to
multipoint architecture. It addresses the shortcomings
of IEEE 802.16 by specifying the features that are mandatory
or optional for deployment of real time systems by different
vendors.
DECT
DECT stands for Digital European Cordless Telecommunications
(DECT) standard and supports data rate in excess of
several hundred Kbps. DECT provides 120 duplex channels
through using ten separate carriers multiplexing 12
send and 12 receive channels on each carrier. Because
of its ability to support advanced services and universal
applicability DECT could also be used for Wireless Local
Loop.
MMDS
The MMDS frequencies, located in the 2.1 GHz to 2.7
GHz band, are another option to deliver broadband wireless
services. The MMDS frequencies have traditionally been
used to provide a one-way, analog wireless cable TV
broadcast service.
MMDS is seen as a viable broadband service delivery
option for broadband digital data and TV directly into
the home.
LMDS
LMDS occupies the largest chunk of spectrum ever devoted
to any one service. Located in sections of the 27.5
to 31.3 GHz band, LMDS can consist a bandwidth of up
to 1.3 GHz.
LMDS networks can provide two-way broadband services
including video, high-speed internet access and telephony
services.
A LMDS network can be composed of a series of cells
that each deliver point-to-multipoint services to subscribers.
Each transmitter in a cell serves a relatively small
area, about two to three miles in diameter.
The lack of standards for equipment has been one of
the worst problems in terms of ensuring interoperability
and keeping costs down. Some vendors promote Time Division
Duplexing (TDD) and some promote Frequency Division
Duplexing (FDD) scheme for sharing the spectrum. Also,
the third generation (3G) wireless system standards
is one influence on the development of standards for
LMDS.
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